Pura Agung Petilan Kesiman, or more popularly known as Pura Pangrebongan, is the site where the Ngerebong ritual is conducted in the Kesiman Traditional Village. The history of the establishment and existence of Pura Agung Petilan Kesiman is documented in the "Eka Ilikita Desa Adat Kesiman," which serves as the central temple for major religious ceremonies, supported by the entire community of the Kesiman Traditional Village. Pura Agung Petilan is closely associated with Pura Luhur Dalem Mutering Jagat, located on the banks of the Ayung River, and is also connected to the existence of the puri in the Kedaton.
It is said that Arya Wang Bang Pinatih from Puri Kertalangu, who also built Pura Dalem Muter, was defeated by Dukuh Pahang in the Saka year 1527, and then left the puri for Sanur. The community and followers of Arya Wang Bang Pinatih, who lived on the western bank of the Ayung River, such as Batanbuah and Kedaton, felt confused. Finally, Ki Bendesa Sugriwa went to Puri Pemecutan to meet the king in Badung to request a replacement for the leadership of Arya Wang Bang Pinatih. This request was granted by placing Kyai Pemayun and establishing a puri on the eastern bank of the Ayung River named Tegal Kuwum. Kyai Pemayun also continued the worship of Pura Dalem Muter, which was built by Arya Wang Bang Pinatih along with his followers who still resided in Batanbuah, Kehen, and Kedaton (Eka Ilikita Desa Adat Kesiman, 1990: 5).
The term "petilan" is also said to originate from the word "pailen-ilen," which refers to activities carried out at the penyawangan of Pura Dalem Muter Kesiman. The penyawangan takes the form of a lumbung (rice barn) structure that allows for ceremonies to be conducted when crossing the Ayung River is difficult, and it is at this penyawangan that pangilen-ngilen is performed (Subawa, 1990: 74). Furthermore, in the research titled “Upacara Ngilen dalam Pangusaban di Pura Agung Petilan Kesiman,” the term "pethilan" derives from the word "tila," meaning to plant seeds, while "agung" means large and refers to a king. In this context, Pura Agung Petilan is interpreted as the sacred place of a king planting seeds or ideas in the form of concepts (Ranuara, 2017: 83-84).
Pura Agung Petilan Kesiman can be categorized as a territorial temple due to its characteristic of being a worship place for members of a village united by a territorial bond. This village is the Kesiman Traditional Village, which is connected to the Kahyangan Tiga. The piodalan ceremony at Pura Agung Petilan Kesiman is not conducted in the same manner as in other temples, because Pura Agung Petilan serves as the pasamuan (gathering place) for rituals in the Kesiman Traditional Village, marked by the gathering of pratima, pacanangan, and the sacred barong and rangda from various temples throughout the Kesiman Traditional Village. The pangilen ritual at Pura Agung Petilan is held every six months, with the first called Pangebekan, conducted on Thursday (Wraspati) Umanis Wuku Dungulan (the day after the Galungan holiday), the second known as Pamapagan/Pamendak Agung, held on Monday (Soma) Paing Wuku Langkir (two days after the Kuningan holiday), and the third pangilen is called Ngarebong or Pangrebongan, which takes place on Sunday (Redite) Pon Wuku Medangsia (eight days after the Kuningan holiday).


1. Gapura Kori Agung
Kori Agung is a boundary gate and the entrance from the outer courtyard (madya mandala) to the inner courtyard (utama mandala). The structure of this gateway/paduraksa is divided into three parts: the base, the body, and the roof. The base is made of brick, but the upper surface of the steps has been coated with concrete in front and is equipped with nine steps, while the inner side of the base has 11 steps.
The body of the gateway/paduraksa is entirely made of bricks, measuring 1,623 cm in length and consisting of the body of pengawak gede, body of caping, and body of pegandong. The body of pengawak gede is made of bricks, and the doors and frame are made of wood with a six-layered door sill (dedanga/ulap-ulap). At the top of the door sill, there is a carving of a winged kala head, with brickwork jutting out, although it has not yet been fully carved. Each corner of the body is adorned with reliefs of simbar gantung at the top and simbar duduk at the bottom. The caping body is the part that frames the pengawak gede body, made from bricks, with each corner of the caping body decorated with a pattern of simbar duduk at the bottom and simbar gantung at the top, as well as square beams made of bricks, commonly referred to as subeng, shaped like dove tracks. The roof of the gateway/paduraksa is made from bricks, consisting of the roof of pengawak gede, roof of caping, and roof of pegandong. The roof of pengawak gede is made of bricks, arranged in seven tiers, becoming smaller towards the top. The peak is shaped like a murdha made of andesite, and the four corners of the roof are decorated with antefik made of bricks shaped like triangular tumpal, also known as simbar duduk, complete with the accompanying ornament called celedu.

2. Tugu Pangrebongan
Tugu Pangrebongan is located in front of the Kori Agung Gate/Paduraksa of Pura Agung Petilan. It is made from bricks, without a roof, and consists of a base and a body, complete with decorations of simbar gantung and simbar duduk. The peak is shaped like a throne made of andesite, complete with a base and a backrest, referred to in Bali as ulon. The base of the peak has an inscription carved on the front indicating its date of establishment, which is 5 – 9 – 1966.

3. Gedong Manca Desa
Gedong Manca Desa is located on the southernmost side of the inner courtyard (utama mandala), facing west. In the middle, there is a door leading to the garbhagraha. In front of the door, there are four umpak supporting wooden pillars that hold up the building's roof. In front of the garbha graha door, there is also a U-shaped platform used for placing pratima and pacanangan statues during ceremonies.

4. Gedong Agung Petilan
Gedong Agung Petilan, also known as Gedong Dalem or Gedong Mandaragiri, is located on the eastern side and serves as the central building in the inner courtyard (utama mandala), facing west. The base is shaped like a turtle wrapped in a dragon, above which is a square structure made of bricks. The body of the building is decorated with characteristic bebadungan reliefs on three sides, and it has a door to the garbha graha on the west side. There are nine umpak supporting wooden pillars for the building's roof. At the front of the building, there is a niche made of bricks, on top of which are placed the statues of Siwa Mahadewa, Nandiswara, Mahakala, and two character statues, while inside the niche is a turtle's head wrapped in a dragon (bedawang nala). The garbhagraha is a sacred room for placing pratima statues such as Ratu Dalem, Ratu Pura Pauman, Ratu Kahyangan, Ratu Panji, and Ratu Cakraningrat during ceremonies.

5. Gedong Pangerob
Gedong Pangerob is located on the eastern side, specifically to the north of Gedong Agung Petilan/Gedong Dalem/Gedong Mandaragiri in the inner courtyard (utama mandala), facing west. The base is adorned with characteristic bebadungan reliefs on the north and south sides, with some parts already damaged. There are seven steps leading to the building's platform. The stair railings are made of bricks, and at each end, there are platforms for statues shaped like stone carvings. The body of the building is made from bricks, decorated with protruding pelipit forming characteristic bebadungan reliefs, and in the middle, there is an altar for placing pratima statues during ceremonies, such as the pratima from Pura Tojan, Pura Siman, Pura Daton, Pura Dalem Wirasana, Pura Sekar Ambara, Pura Kahyangan Bajangan, and Pura Petapan Dalem Denpasar. In front of the platform, there are two umpak supporting wooden pillars for the building's roof.

6. Pelinggih Pangenter Pangider Bhuwana
Pelinggih Pangenter Pangider Bhuwana is located in the inner courtyard (utama mandala), facing east, precisely on the southeastern side of the Kori Agung gate/paduraksa. The body of the building is also made from bricks with decorative protruding pelipit, has a sacred space or garbha graha, and the roof of the building is made of bricks arranged in five layers, becoming smaller towards the top, with a peak adorned with a murdha.

7. Pelinggih Pengrurah Agung
Pelinggih Pangrurah Agung is situated in the inner courtyard (utama mandala), facing east, exactly on the northeastern side of the Kori Agung gate/paduraksa. Structurally, it has the same form as the Pelinggih Pangenter Pangider Bhuwana, featuring a sacred space or garbha graha, and the roof of the building is made from bricks arranged in five layers that become smaller as they rise, with a murdha at the peak.

8. Arca Balagana I
The statue stands with both legs bent on a pedestal decorated with karang bentolu. The right hand is bent beside the abdomen, with the fingers clenched and the thumb elongated, while the left hand is bent supporting the end of the trunk. The statue is carved with an elephant head, bulging eyes, and the trunk hanging down towards the left side of the abdomen.

9. Arca Balagana II
The statue stands with both legs bent on a pedestal decorated with karang bentolu. The left hand is bent beside the abdomen, with fingers clenched and the thumb elongated, while the right hand is bent behind the head holding a flower bud or flower sari. The attributes carried by this statue make it known as nawasari.

10. Arca Dwarapala Nawasari I
The statue is placed standing with the left leg bent higher on a pedestal with a simbar karang motif. The right hand is bent beside the abdomen in a grasping position, where the thumb is folded out between the index and middle fingers, while the left hand is bent behind the head holding a flower bud or flower sari. This attribute is what gives this dwarapala statue the name nawasari.

11. Arca Dwarapala Nawasari II
The statue is placed standing with the left leg bent higher on a pedestal with a simbar karang motif. The right hand is bent beside the abdomen in a grasping position, where the thumb is folded out between the index and middle fingers, while the left hand is bent behind the head holding a flower bud or flower sari. This attribute is what gives this dwarapala statue the name nawasari.

12. Arca Tokoh I (Dewa Brahma)
The statue is placed in the niche at the front of Gedong Agung Petilan/Gedong Dalem/Gedong Mandaragiri. The statue is already painted in a combination of red and gold, carved in a standing position with both legs bent on a pedestal with a stone motif. The right hand of the statue is carved bent towards the chest holding a sampur, while the left hand is bent beside the abdomen holding the edge of a cloth. The head of the statue wears a cecandian crown, complete with karang asti at the back, and a petitis on the forehead in a plain shape.

13. Arca Tokoh II (Dewa Wisnu)
The statue is placed in the niche at the front of Gedong Agung Petilan/Gedong Dalem/Gedong Mandaragiri. The statue is painted in a combination of green and gold, carved in a standing position with both legs bent on a pedestal with a stone motif. The left hand of the statue is carved bent towards the chest holding a sampur. The style and decorative motifs of this second statue are the same as the first, differing only in their facial expressions. The expression of the second statue's face is calm, while the first statue's eyes bulge.

14. Arca Tokoh III (Siwa Mahadewa)
The statue is placed in the middle niche at the front of Gedong Agung Petilan/Gedong Dalem/Gedong Mandara Giri. The statue is painted in a combination of white and gold, carved in a standing position with both legs bent on a petal-shaped pedestal. The statue is carved with four arms, with both hands joined in front of the chest in a mudra position; the right hand holds a flower supported by the left hand, while the two hands at the back are bent upward holding broken laksana attributes. The head of the statue wears a cecandian crown, complete with karang manuk at the back, and a petitis on the forehead in a plain shape.

15. Arca Mahakala
The Mahakala statue is placed in the niche at the front of Gedong Agung Petilan/Gedong Dalem/Gedong Mandara Giri. The statue is painted in a combination of black and gold, in a half-sitting position with legs crossed on a pedestal with a stone motif. The face is carved to appear fearsome, with bulging eyes and protruding fangs. The right hand is bent in front of the chest holding a gada, while the left hand holds a sampur beside the abdomen. The Mahakala statue is typically a door guardian (dwarapala), usually paired with the Nandiswara statue, but at Pura Agung Petilan, specifically at Gedong Agung Petilan, both statues are placed below and flank the Siwa Mahadewa statue.

16. Arca Nandiswara
The Nandiswara statue is placed in the niche at the front of Gedong Agung Petilan/Gedong Dalem/Gedong Mandara Giri as a door guardian (dwarapala), usually paired with the Mahakala statue. However, at Pura Agung Petilan, specifically at Gedong Agung Petilan, both statues are placed below and flank the Siwa Mahadewa statue.
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