Pura Desa Peguyangan is located at coordinates 50 L 0303433 UTM 9048711 (85 meters above sea level) and serves as a sacred site for the community of Desa Adat Peguyangan. Administratively, it is situated in the Denpasar Utara district. The historical background of Desa Adat Peguyangan is understood through the Dresta Ilikita Desa Pakraman Peguyangan, which reveals several aspects related to the history of the village. For instance, the name Desa Adat Peguyangan is said to have originated from the story of Kyai Panji Sakti's elephant, which rolled around (maguyang) in the area, and the place where the elephant rolled became known as Peguyangan. Additionally, the term peguyangan is linked to the contents of a copper inscription found at Pura Dalem Batan Celagi, which mentions that those who worshipped at the temple were granted tax exemption because they were entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining the sacred place (ngaci sam sat kahyangan), meaning "guardians of the sacred site." The term peguyangan is thought to derive from the words pageh (firm/consistent) and hyang (divine), which eventually evolved into the name Peguyangan (Anonim, 2011: 1).
Regarding the inscription found at Pura Dalem Batan Celagi (the Peguyangan Inscription), only one plate has been found, the eighth sheet, side A and B, written in Old Balinese script (Kawi-Bali) and Old Javanese language. The Peguyangan Inscription is categorized as part of the inscriptions issued by King Sri Haji Jayapangus between Śaka 1099–1103 (1177-1181 CE). In summary, the inscription mentions the village of Er Saling and the exemption from various taxes (drwi haji) because the village was once a jataka (a sacred site exempt from certain taxes and obligations) dedicated to Bhaṭāra in Burwan, which had been converted into rice fields by the villagers. The villagers were not required to pay several ceremonial dues, including the newlyweds being exempt from offering pamapas to Sanghyang Candi in Burwan. The inscription also mentions regulations or permissions related to raising ducks, keeping asu tugel (a breed of dog), and freedom to travel to other villages (Wiguna et al., 2015: 19).
There is an assumption that around the 13th-14th century AD, an ancient temple building similar to the miniature temple found at Pura Desa Peguyangan once stood around the area of Peguyangan Customary Village. This assumption is strengthened by the numerous fragments of temple structures found at Pura Desa, Puseh, Manik Tahun, and Penyarikan Peguyangan, which are similar in form to the peak/tower corners of the miniature temple.
Pura Desa Peguyangan follows the structure of the tri mandala, consisting of jaba sisi (outer courtyard, or nista mandala), which is combined with the jaba sisi (nista mandala) of Pura Bale Agung Peguyangan, the middle courtyard (madya mandala), and the innermost courtyard (jeroan or utama mandala). Pura Desa Peguyangan is part of a complex that includes Pura Bale Agung, Pura Penyarikan, Pura Puseh, and Pura Manik Tahun Peguyangan. The utama mandala (jeroan, the holiest area) is separated from the madya mandala (middle courtyard) by a gate (paduraksa) and a brick wall, while the madya mandala is separated from the nista mandala (outer courtyard) by a split gate (candi bentar). This temple holds territorial significance as part of the Kahyangan Tiga, serving as a place of worship for Ida Sang Hyang Widhi in His manifestation as Dewa Brahma and His consort. The temple is maintained by and dedicated to the community of Desa Adat Peguyangan. The temple's anniversary (piodalan) is celebrated every Redite Wuku Sinta (Banyu Pinaruh).


1. Gapura/paduraksa
The gapura or paduraksa is also known as kori agung, serving as the boundary gate and entrance between the jaba tengah (middle courtyard, madya mandala) and the jeroan (innermost courtyard, utama mandala). The structure of the gapura/paduraksa is divided into three parts: the base (foot), the body, and the roof. The base is made of bricks coated with cement, featuring six steps in the center. The gapura/paduraksa is symmetrically adorned on both sides with seated decorative motifs (simbar duduk) and hanging decorative reliefs (simbar gantung). On both sides of the gate's body, there are additional ornaments including subeng (earrings) in a pseudo-pentelasi shape, kuping (ears), and util (small decorative elements). On the left side of the gapura/paduraksa, there is an inscription of the number 1940, which is likely the year of its construction. The roof consists of three tiers that taper as they ascend, with each corner adorned with simbar duduk and simbar gantung in the form of simple triangular shapes. The peak of the roof is decorated with a finial known as menur or murdha.

2. Lumpang batu
A stone mortar (lumpang batu) was found in the jeroan (innermost courtyard) of Pura Desa Peguyangan. It is a monolithic stone with a central hollow depression, originally used in ancient times as a base for pounding grains. However, it is now repurposed as a religious medium and is regarded as highly sacred by the local community.

3.Kelompok batu monolit
Two monolithic stones were found in the jeroan (innermost courtyard) of Pura Desa Peguyangan. These stones are irregularly shaped, with no evidence of human craftsmanship, and are now utilized as religious media, held in great reverence and considered highly sacred by the local community.

4. Arca Tokoh I
The statue is placed on the right veranda of Gedong Hyang Api, sculpted in a standing position with the right leg bent higher (abhanga) on a plain square pedestal. It is unclear who this statue represents, as the attributes it holds are indistinct. The statue wears a pepudakan crown, adorned with a plain petitis on the forehead, complete with ron-ronan behind the ears. The eyes are depicted as wide and bulging, the nose is sharp, the lips are thick, revealing a row of front teeth, and the figure has a mustache.

5. Arca Tokoh II
The statue is placed on the right terrace of Gedong Hyang Api, carved standing with the right leg bent higher (abhanga) on a plain square pedestal. The identity of the figure represented by this statue is unknown, as the attributes it carries are unclear. It is depicted wearing a pepudakan crown, adorned with a plain petitis on the forehead, complete with ron-ronan behind the ears. The eyes are round and bulging, the nose prominent, the lips thick, showing the front row of teeth, and the figure sports a mustache.

6. Arca Dwarapala I
The statue is placed on the stones in front of the right side of Gedong Hyang Api, carved standing with legs spread apart and both knees bent (abhanga) on a plain square pedestal. It wears a pepudakan crown, adorned with a plain petitis on the forehead, complete with ron-ronan behind the ears. The face of the statue is quite terrifying, with bulging round eyes, a large nose, wide thick lips that reveal the front row of teeth, and protruding tusks.

7. Arca Dwarapala II
The statue is placed on the stones in front of the left side of Gedong Hyang Api, carved standing with legs spread apart and both knees bent (abhanga) on a plain square pedestal measuring 10 cm in height. It wears a pepudakan crown, adorned with a plain petitis on the forehead, complete with ron-ronan behind the ears. The face of the statue is quite terrifying, with bulging round eyes, a large nose, wide thick lips that reveal the front row of teeth, and protruding tusks.

8. Arca Dwarapala III
The statue is placed on the front porch to the right of Gedong Ratu Desa, carved standing with both knees bent (abhanga) on a plain square pedestal. The statue is depicted turning to the left, wearing a pepudakan crown, adorned with a pointed petitis on the forehead, complete with ron-ronan behind the ears. The face of the statue is quite terrifying, with bulging round eyes, a large nose, wide thick lips that reveal the front row of teeth, protruding tusks, curly beard, and hair flowing down to the waist.

9. Arca Dwarapala IV
The statue is placed on the front porch to the left of Gedong Ratu Desa, carved standing with both knees bent (abhanga) on a square pedestal with a stone patra motif. The statue is depicted turning to the right, wearing a pepudakan crown, adorned with a pointed petitis on the forehead, complete with ron-ronan behind the ears, and the face of the statue is quite terrifying.

10. Kemuncak Sudut Atap Candi I
The pinnacle is likely a part of the decorative roof of a temple building from the past, made of andesite stone. Its shape is similar to the corner pinnacle of the miniature temple at Pura Desa Peguyangan. This pinnacle is tiered, with the topmost part shaped like a cylinder, featuring a 4 cm deep hole at the top, which probably served as a place to insert a finial. According to mythology, the people of Desa Adat Peguyangan believe that this object represents the clenched fist of Ki Kebo Iwa.

11. Kemuncak Sudut Atap Candi II
This apex is likely part of the decorative roof of a temple building from the past, made of padas stone. Its shape is similar to the corner apex of the temple miniature at Pura Desa Peguyangan. The apex is tiered, with the topmost part shaped like a cylinder. On top, there is a hole 4 cm deep, which probably served as a place to insert a peg for the apex. In mythology, the community of Desa Adat Peguyangan believes this object represents the clenched fist of Ki Kebo Iwa.

12. Kemuncak Sudut Atap Candi III
This apex is also likely part of the decorative roof of a temple building from the past, made of padas stone. Its shape resembles that of the corner apex of the temple miniature at Pura Desa Peguyangan. The apex/tower has a tiered shape that narrows towards the top, with a hole 4 cm deep on the uppermost part, probably intended for inserting a peg to secure the apex. According to mythology, the community of Desa Adat Peguyangan believes this object represents the clenched fist of Ki Kebo Iwa.

13. Kemuncak Sudut Atap Candi IV
This apex is likely part of the decorative roof of a temple building from the past, made from padas stone. Its shape resembles that of the corner apex of the temple miniature at Pura Desa Peguyangan. The corner apex/tower is tiered, becoming smaller towards the top, featuring five circular grooves. The top is square-shaped with finely carved details at each of its four corners. Above this, there is a hole 3.5 cm deep, which likely served as a place to insert a peg for securing the apex. According to mythology, the community of Desa Adat Peguyangan believes this object represents the clenched fist of Ki Kebo Iwa.

14. Kemuncak Sudut Atap Candi V
Kemuncak ini kemungkinan bagian dari hiasan atap bangunan candi pada masa lampau yang terbuat dari batu padas, keadaannya sudah sangat aus. Secara mitologi, masyarakat Desa Adat Peguyangan mempercayai benda ini sebagai kepalan tangan Ki Kebo Iwa.

15. Kemuncak Sudut Atap VI
This apex also resembles the corner apex of the miniature temple at Pura Desa Peguyangan. The corner apex/tower is tiered, becoming smaller towards the top. The community of Desa Adat Peguyangan, according to their mythology, believes that this object represents the clenched fist of Ki Kebo Iwa.

16. Batu Pancang
The standing stone pillar, placed upright by the community, has an uneven surface with several small and large holes. This square-shaped stone, likely made of andesite, may have been part of the structural components of a temple building in ancient times.

17. Arca Tokoh III
The standing stone pillar, placed upright by the community, has an uneven surface with several small and large holes. This square-shaped stone, likely made of andesite, may have been part of the structural components of a temple building in ancient times.

18. Arca Tokoh IV
The statue is placed on the front terrace to the right of the Pelinggih Piyasan Ratu Desa. It is sculpted standing with both legs bent (abhanga) on a square pedestal with a patterned stone base. The statue's hair is tied at the top of the head, while the back hair is left flowing down the back, adorned with a simple forehead ornament and complemented by 'ron-ronan' behind the ears. The eyes are depicted as bulging and round. The identity of this statue cannot be determined as it does not carry any identifiable attributes or characteristics.

19. Cakra Biwa (miniatur candi)
This miniature temple is carved from a block of stone and is divided into three parts: the base, the body, and the roof. The base of the temple is square-shaped, while the body features a false door on the west side. The body is connected to the base with a decorative lip and bell-shaped edges, and the roof is similarly connected to the body with a decorative lip and bell-shaped edges. The roof consists of three tiers, each topped with eight corner finials. Additionally, each tier of the roof is adorned with hanging decorations, and the highest tier is crowned with a square-shaped finial that progressively decreases in size over four tiers. The existence of this miniature temple suggests that there was likely a similar temple structure in this area around the 13th to 14th century CE. This assumption is supported by the discovery of numerous fragments of temple finials at Pura Desa, Puseh, Manik Tahun, and Penyarikan Peguyangan, which resemble the corner finials of this miniature temple. The community of Desa Adat Peguyangan mythologically refers to this as Cakra Biwa.
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